European Union leaders have committed to reinforcing their defense capabilities amid rising concerns over security threats, particularly from Russia. Meeting in Brussels, officials emphasized the urgency of increased military investment but did not reach a consensus on how to finance these efforts.

Antonio Costa, President of the European Council, acknowledged progress but stressed the need for accelerated and coordinated action. Leaders agreed to address key military gaps, including air and missile defense, ammunition supplies, and transport infrastructure.

The renewed focus on defense follows Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine and concerns over future U.S. support for NATO. Former U.S. President Donald Trump’s statements urging European nations to boost defense spending have added to the pressure.

The summit also took place amid trade tensions, with Trump announcing plans for new tariffs on EU imports, echoing similar measures against Canada, Mexico, and China.

While the European Commission pledged to explore flexible funding options, including national budgets, private investment, and potential support from the European Investment Bank, leaders avoided discussing joint EU debt issuance—an issue that remains politically sensitive.

The EU has significantly increased military spending in recent years, with member states allocating an average of 1.9% of GDP to defense in 2023, up 30% from 2021. However, estimates suggest an additional €500 billion may be required over the next decade to close existing defense gaps.

Trump has previously suggested that NATO members should contribute 5% of GDP to defense, a threshold no country currently meets.

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer also participated in the discussions, highlighting broader European security concerns.